学xué记jì

发fā虑lǜ宪xiàn．求qiú善shàn良liáng．足zú以yǐ谀yú闻wén．不bù足zú以yǐ动dòng众zhòng．就jiù贤xián体tǐ远yuǎn．足zú以yǐ动dòng众zhòng．未wèi足zú以yǐ化huà民mín．君jūn子zǐ如rú欲yù化huà民mín成chéng俗sú．其qí必bì由yóu学xué乎hū

玉yù不bù琢zuó．不bù成chéng器qì．人rén不bù学xué．不bù知zhī道dào．是shì故gù古gǔ之zhī王wáng者zhě．建jiàn国guó君jūn民mín．教jiào学xué为wèi先xiān．兑duì命mìng曰yuē．念niàn终zhōng始shǐ典diǎn于yú学xué．其qí此cǐ之zhī谓wèi乎hū．

虽suī有yǒu嘉jiā肴yáo．弗fú食shí．不bù知zhī其qí旨zhǐ也yě．虽suī有yǒu至zhì道dào．弗fú学xué．不bù知zhī其qí善shàn也yě．是shì故gù学xué然rán后hòu知zhī不bù足zú．教jiào然rán后hòu知zhī困kùn．知zhī不bù足zú．然rán后hòu能néng自zì反fǎn也yě知zhī困kùn．然rán后hòu能néng自zì强qiáng也yě．故gù曰yuē．教jiào学xué相xiāng长zhǎng也yě．兑duì命mìng曰yuē．学xué学xué半bàn．其qí此cǐ之zhī谓wèi乎hū．

古gǔ之zhī教jiào者zhě．家jiā有yǒu塾shú．党dǎng有yǒu庠xiáng．术shù有yǒu序xù．国guó有yǒu学xué．比bǐ年nián入rù学xué．中zhōng年nián考kǎo校xiào．一yī年nián视shì离lí经jīng辨biàn志zhì．三sān年nián视shì敬jìng业yè乐lè群qún．五wǔ年nián视shì博bó习xí亲qīn师shī．七qī年nián视shì论lùn学xué取qǔ友yǒu．谓wèi之zhī小xiǎo成chéng．九jiǔ年nián知zhī类lèi通tōng达dá．强qiáng立lì而ér不bù反fǎn．谓wèi之zhī大dà成chéng．夫fū然rán后hòu足zú以yǐ化huà民mín易yì俗sú．近jìn者zhě说shuō服fú．而ér远yuǎn者zhě怀huái之zhī．此cǐ大dà学xué之zhī道dào也yě．记jì曰yuē．蛾é子zi时shí术shù之zhī．其qí此cǐ之zhī谓wèi乎hū．

大dà学xué始shǐ教jiào．皮pí弁biàn祭jì菜cài．示shì敬jìng道dào也yě．宵xiāo雅yǎ肄yì三sān．官guān其qí始shǐ也yě．入rù学xué鼓gǔ箧qiè．孙sūn其qí业yè也yě．夏xià楚chǔ二èr物wù．收shōu其qí威wēi也yě．未wèi卜bǔ禘dì．不bù视shì学xué．游yóu其qí志zhì也yě．时shí观guān而ér弗fú语yǔ．存cún其qí心xīn也yě．幼yòu者zhě听tīng而ér弗fú问wèn．学xué不bù躐liè等děng也yě．此cǐ七qī者zhě．教jiào之zhī大dà伦lún也yě．记jì曰yuē．凡fán学xué．官guān先xiān事shì．士shì先xiān志zhì．其qí此cǐ之zhī谓wèi乎hū．

大dà学xué之zhī教jiào也yě．时shí教jiào必bì有yǒu正zhèng业yè．退tuì息xī必bì有yǒu居jū学xué．不bù学xué操cāo缦màn．不bù能néng安ān弦xián．不bù学xué博bó依yī．不bù能néng安ān诗shī．不bù学xué杂zá服fú．不bù能néng安ān礼lǐ．不bù兴xīng其qí艺yì．不bù能néng乐lè学xué．故gù君jūn子zǐ之zhī于yú学xué也yě．藏cáng焉yān修xiū焉yān．息xī焉yān游yóu焉yān．夫fū然rán故gù．安ān其qí学xué而ér亲qīn其qí师shī．乐lè其qí友yǒu而ér信xìn其qí道dào．是shì以yǐ虽suī离lí师shī辅fǔ而ér不bù反fǎn．兑duì命mìng曰yuē．敬jìng孙sūn务wù时shí敏mǐn．厥jué修xiū乃nǎi来lái．其qí此cǐ之zhī谓wèi乎hū．

今jīn之zhī教jiào者zhě．呻shēn其qí占zhàn毕bì．多duō其qí讯xùn．言yán及jí于yú数shù．进jìn而ér不bù顾gù其qí安ān．使shǐ人rén不bù由yóu其qí诚chéng．教jiào人rén不bù尽jìn其qí材cái．其qí施shī之zhī也yě悖bèi．其qí求qiú之zhī也yě佛fú．夫fū然rán故gù．隐yǐn其qí学xué而ér疾jí其qí师shī．苦kǔ其qí难nán而ér不bù知zhī其qí益yì也yě．虽suī终zhōng其qí业yè．其qí去qù之zhī必bì速sù．教jiào之zhī不bù刑xíng．其qí此cǐ之zhī由yóu乎hū．

大dà学xué之zhī法fǎ．禁jìn于yú未wèi发fā之zhī谓wèi豫yù．当dāng其qí可kě之zhī谓wèi时shí．不bù陵líng节jié而ér施shī之zhī谓wèi孙sūn．相xiāng观guān而ér善shàn之zhī谓wèi摩mó．此cǐ四sì者zhě．教jiào之zhī所suǒ由yóu兴xīng也yě．

发fā然rán后hòu禁jìn．则zé扞gǎn格gé而ér不bù胜shèng．时shí过guò然rán后hòu学xué．则zé勤qín苦kǔ而ér难nán成chéng．杂zá施shī而ér不bù孙sūn．则zé坏huài乱luàn而ér不bù修xiū．独dú学xué而ér无wú友yǒu．则zé孤gū陋lòu而ér寡guǎ闻wén．燕yàn朋péng逆nì其qí师shī．燕yàn辟pì废fèi其qí学xué．此cǐ六liù者zhě．教jiào之zhī所suǒ由yóu废fèi也yě．

君jūn子zǐ既jì知zhī教jiào之zhī所suǒ由yóu兴xīng．又yòu知zhī教jiào之zhī所suǒ由yóu废fèi．然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ为wéi人rén师shī也yě．故gù君jūn子zǐ之zhī教jiào喻yù也yě．道dào而ér弗fú牵qiān．强qiáng而ér弗fú抑yì．开kāi而ér弗fú达dá．道dào而ér弗fú牵qiān则zé和hé．强qiáng而ér弗fú抑yì则zé易yì．开kāi而ér弗fú达dá则zé思sī．和hé易yì以yǐ思sī．可kě谓wèi善shàn喻yù矣yǐ．

学xué者zhě有yǒu四sì失shī．教jiào者zhě必bì知zhī之zhī．人rén之zhī学xué也yě．或huò失shī则zé多duō．或huò失shī则zé寡guǎ．或huò失shī则zé易yì．或huò失shī则zé止zhǐ．此cǐ四sì者zhě．心xīn之zhī莫mò同tóng也yě．知zhī其qí心xīn．然rán后hòu能néng救jiù其qí失shī也yě．教jiào也yě者zhě．长zhǎng善shàn而ér救jiù其qí失shī者zhě也yě．

善shàn歌gē者zhě．使shǐ人rén继jì其qí声shēng．善shàn教jiào者zhě．使shǐ人rén继jì其qí志zhì．其qí言yán也yě约yuē而ér达dá．微wēi而ér臧zāng．罕hǎn譬pì而ér喻yù．可kě谓wèi继jì志zhì矣yǐ．

君jūn子zǐ知zhī至zhì学xué之zhī难nán易yì．而ér知zhī其qí美měi恶è．然rán后hòu能néng博bó喻yù．能néng博bó喻yù．然rán后hòu能néng为wèi师shī．能néng为wèi师shī．然rán后hòu能néng为wèi长zhǎng．能néng为wèi长zhǎng．然rán后hòu能néng为wèi君jūn．故gù师shī也yě者zhě．所suǒ以yǐ学xué为wèi君jūn也yě．是shì故gù择zé师shī不bù可kě不bù慎shèn也yě．记jì曰yuē．三sān王wáng四sì代dài唯wéi其qí师shī．此cǐ之zhī谓wèi乎hū．

凡fán学xué之zhī道dào．严yán师shī为wéi难nán．师shī严yán然rán后hòu道dào尊zūn．道dào尊zūn．然rán后hòu民mín知zhī敬jìng学xué．是shì故gù君jūn之zhī所suǒ不bù臣chén于yú其qí臣chén者zhě二èr．当dāng其qí为wèi尸shī．则zé弗fú臣chén也yě．当dāng其qí为wèi师shī．则zé弗fú臣chén也yě．大dà学xué之zhī礼lǐ．虽suī诏zhào于yú天tiān子zi．无wú北běi面miàn．所suǒ以yǐ尊zūn师shī也yě．

善shàn学xué者zhě．师shī逸yì而ér功gōng倍bèi．又yòu从cóng而ér庸yōng之zhī．不bù善shàn学xué者zhě．师shī勤qín而ér功gōng半bàn．又yòu从cóng而ér怨yuàn之zhī．善shàn问wèn者zhě如rú攻gōng坚jiān木mù．先xiān其qí易yì者zhě．后hòu其qí节jié目mù．及jí其qí久jiǔ也yě．相xiāng说shuō以yǐ解jiě．不bù善shàn问wèn者zhě反fǎn此cǐ．善shàn待dài问wèn者zhě如rú撞zhuàng钟zhōng．叩kòu之zhī以yǐ小xiǎo者zhě则zé小xiǎo鸣míng．叩kòu之zhī以yǐ大dà者zhě则zé大dà鸣míng．待dài其qí从cóng容róng．然rán后hòu尽jǐn其qí声shēng．不bù善shàn荅dā问wèn者zhě反fǎn此cǐ．此cǐ皆jiē进jìn学xué之zhī道dào也yě．

记jì问wèn之zhī学xué．不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi人rén师shī．必bì也yě其qí听tīng语yǔ乎hū．力lì不bù能néng问wèn．然rán后hòu语yǔ之zhī．语yǔ之zhī而ér不bù知zhī．虽suī舍shě之zhī可kě也yě．良liáng冶yě之zhī子zi．必bì学xué为wèi裘qiú．良liáng弓gōng之zhī子zi．必bì学xué为wèi箕jī．始shǐ驾jià马mǎ者zhě反fǎn之zhī．车chē在zài马mǎ前qián．君jūn子zǐ察chá于yú此cǐ三sān者zhě．可kě以yǐ有yǒu志zhì于yú学xué矣yǐ．

古gǔ之zhī学xué者zhě．比bǐ物wù丑chǒu类lèi．鼓gǔ无wú当dāng于yú五wǔ声shēng．五wǔ声shēng弗fú得dé不bù和hé．水shuǐ无wú当dāng于yú五wǔ色sè．五wǔ色sè弗fú得dé不bù章zhāng．学xué无wú当dāng于yú五wǔ官guān．五wǔ官guān弗fú得dé不bù治zhì．师shī无wú当dāng于yú五wǔ服fú．五wǔ服fú弗fú得dé不bù亲qīn．

君jūn子zǐ曰yuē．大dà德dé不bù官guān．大dà道dào不bù器qì．大dà信xìn不bù约yuē．大dà时shí不bù齐qí．察chá于yú此cǐ四sì者zhě．可kě以yǐ有yǒu志zhì于yú学xué矣yǐ．三sān王wáng之zhī祭jì川chuān也yě．皆jiē先xiān河hé而ér后hòu海hǎi．或huò源yuán也yě．或huò委wěi也yě．此cǐ之zhī谓wèi务wù本běn．