0025_宋sòng之zhī问wèn_灵líng隐yǐn寺sì

宋sòng之zhī问wèn

鹫jiù岭lǐng郁yù岧tiáo峣yáo，龙lóng宫gōng锁suǒ寂jì寥liáo。

楼lóu观guàn沧cāng海hǎi日rì，门mén对duì浙zhè江jiāng潮cháo。

桂guì子zi月yuè中zhōng落luò，天tiān香xiāng云yún外wài飘piāo。

扪mén萝luó登dēng塔tǎ远yuǎn，刳kū木mù取qǔ泉quán遥yáo。

霜shuāng薄báo花huā更gèng发fā，冰bīng轻qīng叶yè未wèi凋diāo。

夙sù龄líng尚shàng遐xiá异yì，搜sōu对duì涤dí烦fán嚣xiāo。

待dài入rù天tiān台tái路lù，看kàn余yú度dù石shí桥qiáo。

灵líng隐yǐn寺sì在zài杭háng州zhōu西xī湖hú西xī北běi武wǔ林lín山shān下xià，始shǐ建jiàn于yú东dōng晋jìn时shí。《淳chún祐yòu临lín安ān志zhì》说shuō，在zài东dōng晋jìn咸xián和hé元yuán年nián（326），印yìn度dù僧sēng人rén慧huì理lǐ，看kàn到dào这zhè座zuò山shān，惊jīng叹tàn道dào：“此cǐ天tiān竺zhú国guó（古gǔ印yìn度dù）灵líng鹫jiù山shān之zhī小xiǎo岭lǐng，不bù知zhī何hé年nián飞fēi来lái，佛fú在zài世shì日rì，多duō为wèi仙xiān灵líng所suǒ隐yǐn……”于yú是shì筹chóu建jiàn了le灵líng隐yǐn寺sì。

“鹫jiù岭lǐng郁yù岧tiáo峣yáo，龙lóng宫gōng锁suǒ寂jì寥liáo”，鹫jiù岭lǐng，即jí印yìn度dù灵líng鹫jiù山shān，这zhè里lǐ借jiè指zhǐ飞fēi来lái峰fēng。岧tiáo峣yáo，山shān势shì高gāo峻jùn貌mào；冠guān一yī“郁yù”字zì，见jiàn其qí高gāo耸sǒng而ér又yòu俱jù有yǒu葱cōng茏lóng之zhī美měi。龙lóng宫gōng，相xiāng传chuán龙lóng王wáng曾céng请qǐng佛fó祖zǔ讲jiǎng经jīng说shuō法fǎ，这zhè里lǐ借jiè指zhǐ灵líng隐yǐn寺sì。寂jì寥liáo，佛fó家jiā以yǐ“清qīng静jìng”为wèi本běn，冠guān一yī“锁suǒ”字zì，更gèng见jiàn佛fó殿diàn的de肃sù穆mù空kōng寂jì。这zhè两liǎng句jù，借jiè用yòng佛fó家jiā掌zhǎng故gù而ér能néng词cí如rú己jǐ出chū；先xiān写xiě山shān，后hòu写xiě寺sì，山shān寺sì相xiāng映yìng生shēng辉huī，更gèng见jiàn清qīng嘉jiā胜shèng境jìng。“楼lóu观guàn沧cāng海hǎi日rì，门mén对duì浙zhè江jiāng潮cháo”，是shì诗shī中zhōng名míng句jù。入rù胜shèng境jìng而ér观guān佳jiā处chù，开kāi人rén心xīn胸xiōng，壮zhuàng人rén豪háo情qíng，怡yí人rén心xīn境jìng，它tā以yǐ对duì仗zhàng工gōng整zhěng和hé景jǐng色sè壮zhuàng观guān而ér博bó得dé世shì人rén的de称chēng赏shǎng。据jù说shuō这zhè两liǎng句jù诗shī一yī出chū，竞jìng相xiāng传chuán抄chāo，还hái有yǒu人rén附fù会huì为wèi他tā人rén代dài作zuò。接jiē下xià去qù，进jìn一yí步bù刻kè画huà灵líng隐yǐn一yī带dài特tè有yǒu的de灵líng秀xiù：“桂guì子zi月yuè中zhōng落luò，天tiān香xiāng云yún外wài飘piāo。”传chuán说shuō，在zài灵líng隐yǐn寺sì和hé天tiān竺zhú寺sì，每měi到dào秋qiū爽shuǎng时shí刻kè，常cháng有yǒu似shì豆dòu的de颗kē粒lì从cóng天tiān空kōng飘piāo落luò，传chuán闻wén那nà是shì从cóng月yuè宫gōng中zhōng落là下xià来lái的de。天tiān香xiāng，异yì香xiāng，此cǐ指zhǐ祭jì神shén礼lǐ佛fó之zhī香xiāng。上shàng句jù写xiě桂guì子zi从cóng天tiān上shàng飘piāo落luò人rén间jiān，下xià句jù写xiě佛fú香xiāng上shàng飘piāo九jiǔ重chóng，给gěi这zhè个ge佛fó教jiào胜shèng地dì蒙méng上shàng了le空kōng灵líng神shén秘mì的de色sè彩cǎi。

写xiě诗shī如rú作zuò画huà，要yào有yǒu主zhǔ体tǐ，有yǒu旁páng衬chèn，有yǒu烘hōng托tuō。诗shī的de前qián六liù句jù是shì诗shī的de主zhǔ体tǐ。下xià面miàn八bā句jù是shì写xiě诗shī人rén在zài灵líng隐yǐn山shān一yī带dài寻xún幽yōu搜sōu胜shèng的de情qíng景jǐng和hé感gǎn想xiǎng：“扪mén萝luó登dēng塔tǎ远yuǎn，刳kū木mù取qǔ泉quán遥yáo，霜shuāng薄báo花huā更gèng发fā，冰bīng轻qīng叶yè未wèi凋diāo”四sì句jù是shì说shuō，诗shī人rén在zài灵líng隐yǐn山shān上shàng，时shí而ér攀pān住zhù藤téng萝luó爬pá上shàng高gāo塔tǎ望wàng远yuǎn；时shí而ér循xún着zhe引yǐn水shuǐ瓠hù木mù寻xún求qiú幽yōu景jǐng名míng泉quán；时shí而ér观guān赏shǎng那nà迎yíng冰bīng霜shuāng盛shèng开kāi的de山shān花huā和hé未wèi凋diāo的de红hóng叶yè。这zhè四sì句jù虽suī为wèi旁páng衬chèn之zhī笔bǐ，但dàn通tōng过guò对duì诗shī人rén游yóu踪zōng的de描miáo写xiě，不bú是shì更gèng能néng使shǐ人rén想xiǎng见jiàn灵líng隐yǐn寺sì的de环huán境jìng之zhī幽yōu美měi吗ma？“夙sù龄líng尚shàng遐xiá异yì，搜sōu对duì涤dí烦fán嚣xiāo”，是shì说shuō自zì己jǐ自zì幼yòu就jiù喜xǐ欢huān远yuǎn方fāng的de奇qí异yì之zhī景jǐng，今jīn日rì有yǒu机jī会huì面miàn对duì这zhè惬qiè意yì的de景jǐng色sè正zhèng好hǎo洗xǐ涤dí我wǒ心xīn中zhōng尘chén世shì的de烦fán恼nǎo了le。“待dài入rù天tiān台tái路lù，看kàn余yú度dù石shí桥qiáo”。天tiān台tái山shān是shì佛fó教jiào天tiān台tái宗zōng的de发fā源yuán地dì，座zuò落luò在zài浙zhè江jiāng天tiān台tái县xiàn，天tiān台tái山shān的de楢yóu（ｙｕ由yóu）溪xī上shàng有yǒu石shí桥qiáo，下xià临lín陡dǒu峭qiào山shān涧jiàn。这zhè两liǎng句jù，乍zhà看kàn似sì乎hū离lí开kāi了le对duì灵líng隐yǐn寺sì的de描miáo写xiě，而ér实shí际jì上shàng是shì说shuō因yīn游yóu佛fó教jiào胜shèng地dì而ér更gèng思sī佛fó教jiào胜shèng地dì。乍zhà看kàn“若ruò离lí”，而ér实shí“不bù离lí”。这zhè种zhǒng若ruò即jí若ruò离lí的de结jié尾wěi，最zuì得dé咏yǒng物wù之zhī妙miào，它tā很hěn好hǎo地dì起qǐ到dào了le对duì灵líng隐yǐn秀xiù色sè的de烘hōng托tuō作zuò用yòng。张zhāng炎yán在zài《词cí源yuán·咏yǒng物wù》条tiáo下xià说shuō：“体tǐ认rèn稍shāo真zhēn，则zé拘jū而ér不bù畅chàng；模mó写xiě差chà远yuǎn，则zé晦huì而ér不bù明míng；要yào须xū收shōu纵zòng联lián密mì，用yòng事shì合hé题tí，一yī段duàn意yì思si，全quán在zài结jié句jù，斯sī为wèi绝jué妙miào”。“看kàn余yú度dù石shí桥qiáo”不bù正zhèng是shì诗shī人rén游yóu兴xìng极jí浓nóng的de艺yì术shù再zài现xiàn吗ma？以yǐ一yī幅fú想xiǎng象xiàng中zhōng的de游yóu踪zōng图tú结jié束shù全quán篇piān，给gěi人rén以yǐ新xīn鲜xiān之zhī感gǎn。

（傅fù经jīng顺shùn）