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孔kǒng子zi闲xián居jū,曾céng子zi侍shì。孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“参cān,今jīn之zhī君jūn子zǐ,惟wéi士shì与yǔ大dà夫fū之zhī言yán之zhī间jiān也yě,其qí至zhì于yú君jūn子zǐ之zhī言yán者zhě甚shèn希xī矣yǐ。于yú乎hū!吾wú主zhǔ言yán其qí不bù出chū而ér死sǐ乎hū!哀āi哉zāi!”

曾céng子zi起qǐ曰yuē:“敢gǎn问wèn:何hé谓wèi‘主zhǔ言yán’?”孔kǒng子zi不bù应yīng。曾céng子zi惧jù,肃sù然rán抠kōu衣yī下xià席xí曰yuē:“弟dì子zǐ知zhī其qí不bù孙sūn也yě,得dé夫fū子zǐ之zhī间jiān也yě难nán,是shì以yǐ敢gǎn问wèn也yě。”

孔kǒng子zi不bù应yīng,曾céng子zi惧jù,退tuì负fù序xù而ér立lì。孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“参cān!女nǚ可kě语yǔ明míng主zhǔ之zhī道dào与yǔ?”曾céng子zi曰yuē:“不bù敢gǎn以yǐ为wéi足zú也yě,得dé夫fū子zǐ之zhī间jiān也yě难nán,是shì以yǐ敢gǎn问wèn。”

孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“吾wú语yǔ女nǚ:道dào者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ明míng德dé也yě;德dé者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ尊zūn道dào也yě。是shì故gù非fēi德dé不bù尊zūn,非fēi道dào不bù明míng。虽suī有yǒu国guó焉yān,不bù教jiào不bù服fú,不bù可kě以yǐ取qǔ千qiān里lǐ。虽suī有yǒu博bó地dì众zhòng民mín,不bù以yǐ其qí地dì治zhì之zhī,不bù可kě以yǐ霸bà主zhǔ。是shì故gù昔xī者zhě明míng主zhǔ内nèi修xiū七qī教jiào,外wài行háng三sān至zhì。七qī教jiào修xiū焉yān,可kě以yǐ守shǒu;三sān至zhì行xíng焉yān,可kě以yǐ征zhēng。七qī教jiào不bù修xiū,虽suī守shǒu不bù固gù;三sān至zhì不bù行xíng,虽suī征zhēng不bù服fú。是shì故gù明míng主zhǔ之zhī守shǒu也yě,必bì折zhé冲chōng于yú千qiān里lǐ之zhī外wài;其qí征zhēng也yě,衽rèn席xí之zhī上shàng还hái师shī。是shì故gù内nèi修xiū七qī教jiào而ér上shàng不bù劳láo,外wài行háng三sān至zhì而ér财cái不bù费fèi,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi明míng主zhǔ之zhī道dào也yě。”

曾céng子zi曰yuē:“敢gǎn问wèn:不bù费fèi、不bù劳láo,可kě以yǐ为wèi明míng乎hū?”孔kǒng子zi愀qiǎo然rán扬yáng麋mí曰yuē:“参cān!女nǚ以yǐ明míng主zhǔ为wèi劳láo乎hū?昔xī者zhě舜shùn左zuǒ禹yǔ而ér右yòu皋gāo陶táo,不bù下xià席xí而ér天tiān下xià治zhì。夫fū政zhèng之zhī不bù中zhōng,君jūn之zhī过guò也yě。政zhèng之zhī既jì中zhōng,令lìng之zhī不bù行xíng,职zhí事shì者zhě之zhī罪zuì也yě。明míng主zhǔ奚xī为wèi其qí劳láo也yě?昔xī者zhě明míng主zhǔ关guān讥jī而ér不bù征zhēng,市shì■而ér不bù税shuì,税shuì十shí取qǔ一yī,使shǐ民mín之zhī力lì,岁suì不bù过guò三sān日rì,入rù山shān泽zé以yǐ时shí,有yǒu禁jìn而ér无wú征zhēng,此cǐ六liù者zhě取qǔ财cái之zhī路lù也yě。明míng主zhǔ舍shě其qí四sì者zhě而ér节jié其qí二èr者zhě,明míng主zhǔ焉yān取qǔ其qí费fèi也yě?”

曾céng子zi曰yuē:“敢gǎn问wèn:何hé谓wèi七qī教jiào?”孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“上shàng敬jìng老lǎo则zé下xià益yì孝xiào,上shàng顺shùn齿chǐ则zé下xià益yì悌tì,上shàng乐lè施shī则zé下xià益yì谅liàng,上shàng亲qīn贤xián则zé下xià择zé友yǒu,上shàng好hǎo德dé则zé下xià不bù隐yǐn,上shàng恶è贪tān则zé下xià耻chǐ争zhēng,上shàng强qiáng果guǒ则zé下xià廉lián耻chǐ,民mín皆jiē有yǒu别bié,则zé贞zhēn、则zé正zhèng,亦yì不bù劳láo矣yǐ,此cǐ谓wèi七qī教jiào。七qī教jiào者zhě,治zhì民mín之zhī本běn也yě,教jiào定dìng是shì正zhèng矣yǐ。上shàng者zhě,民mín之zhī表biǎo也yě。表biǎo正zhèng,则zé何hé物wù不bù正zhèng?是shì故gù君jūn先xiān立lì于yú仁rén,则zé大dà夫fū忠zhōng,而ér士shì信xìn、民mín敦dūn、工gōng璞pú、商shāng悫què、女nǚ憧chōng、妇fù空kōng空kōng,七qī者zhě教jiào之zhī志zhì也yě。七qī者zhě布bù诸zhū天tiān下xià而ér不bù窕tiǎo,内nèi诸zhū寻xún常cháng之zhī室shì而ér不bù塞sāi。是shì故gù圣shèng人rén等děng之zhī以yǐ礼lǐ,立lì之zhī以yǐ义yì,行xíng之zhī以yǐ顺shùn,而ér民mín弃qì恶è也yě如rú灌guàn。”

曾céng子zi曰yuē:“弟dì子zǐ则zé不bù足zú,道dào则zé至zhì矣yǐ。”孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“参cān!姑gū止zhǐ!又yòu有yǒu焉yān。昔xī者zhě明míng主zhǔ之zhī治zhì民mín有yǒu法fǎ,必bì别bié地dì以yǐ州zhōu之zhī,分fēn属shǔ而ér治zhì之zhī,然rán后hòu贤xián民mín无wú所suǒ隐yǐn,暴bào民mín无wú所suǒ伏fú;使shǐ有yǒu司sī日rì省shěng如rú时shí考kǎo之zhī,岁suì诱yòu贤xián焉yān,则zé贤xián者zhě亲qīn,不bù肖xiào者zhě惧jù;使shǐ之zhī哀āi鳏guān寡guǎ,养yǎng孤gū独dú,恤xù贫pín穷qióng,诱yòu孝xiào悌tì,选xuǎn贤xián举jǔ能néng。此cǐ七qī者zhě修xiū,则zé四sì海hǎi之zhī内nèi无wú刑xíng民mín矣yǐ。上shàng之zhī亲qīn下xià也yě如rú腹fù心xīn,则zé下xià之zhī亲qīn上shàng也yě如rú保bǎo子zi之zhī见jiàn慈cí母mǔ也yě。上shàng下xià之zhī相xiāng亲qīn如rú此cǐ,然rán后hòu令lìng则zé从cóng、施shī则zé行xíng。因yīn民mín既jì迩ěr者zhě说shuō,远yuǎn者zhě来lái怀huái。然rán后hòu布bù指zhǐ知zhī寸cùn,布bù手shǒu知zhī尺chǐ,舒shū肘zhǒu知zhī寻xún,十shí寻xún而ér索suǒ;百bǎi步bù而ér堵dǔ,三sān百bǎi步bù而ér里lǐ,千qiān步bù而ér井jǐng,三sān井jǐng而ér句jù烈liè,三sān句jù烈liè而ér距jù;五wǔ十shí里lǐ而ér封fēng,百bǎi里lǐ而ér有yǒu都dōu邑yì;乃nǎi为wèi畜chù积jī衣yī裘qiú焉yān,使shǐ处chù者zhě恤xù行xíng者zhě有yǒu兴xīng亡wáng。是shì以yǐ蛮mán夷yí诸zhū夏xià虽suī衣yī冠guān不bù同tóng、言yán语yǔ不bù合hé,莫mò不bù来lái至zhì,朝cháo觐jìn于yú王wáng。故gù曰yuē:无wú市shì而ér民mín不bù乏fá,无wú刑xíng而ér民mín不bù违wéi。毕bì弋yì田tián猎liè之zhī得dé,不bù以yǐ盈yíng宫gōng室shì也yě:征zhēng敛liǎn于yú百bǎi姓xìng,非fēi以yǐ充chōng府fǔ库kù也yě;慢màn怛dá以yǐ补bǔ不bù足zú,礼lǐ节jié以yǐ损sǔn有yǒu余yú。故gù曰yuē:多duō信xìn而ér寡guǎ貌mào。其qí礼lǐ可kě守shǒu,其qí信xìn可kě复fù,其qí迹jì可kě履lǚ其qí于yú信xìn也yě,如rú四sì时shí春chūn秋qiū冬dōng夏xià。其qí博bó有yǒu万wàn民mín也yě,如rú饥jī而ér食shí,如rú渴kě而ér饮yǐn,下xià土tǔ之zhī人rén信xìn之zhī夫fū!暑shǔ热rè冻dòng寒hán,远yuǎn若ruò迩ěr;非fēi道dào迩ěr也yě,及jí其qí明míng德dé也yě。是shì以yǐ兵bīng革gé不bù动dòng而ér威wēi,用yòng利lì不bù施shī而ér亲qīn,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi‘明míng主zhǔ之zhī守shǒu也yě,折zhé冲chōng乎hū千qiān里lǐ之zhī外wài’,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。”

曾céng子zi曰yuē:“敢gǎn问wèn,何hé谓wèi三sān至zhì?”孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“至zhì礼lǐ不bù让ràng而ér天tiān下xià治zhì,至zhì赏shǎng不bù费fèi而ér天tiān下xià之zhī士shì说shuō,至zhì乐lè无wú声shēng而ér天tiān下xià之zhī民mín和hé。明míng主zhǔ笃dǔ行xíng三sān至zhì,故gù天tiān下xià之zhī君jūn可kě得dé而ér知zhī也yě,天tiān下xià之zhī士shì可kě得dé而ér臣chén也yě,天tiān下xià之zhī民mín可kě得dé而ér用yòng也yě。”

曾céng子zi曰yuē:“敢gǎn问wèn:何hé谓wèi也yě?”孔kǒng子zi曰yuē:“昔xī者zhě明míng主zhǔ以yǐ尽jǐn知zhī天tiān下xià良liáng士shì之zhī名míng,既jì知zhī其qí名míng,又yòu知zhī其qí数shù;既jì知zhī其qí数shù,又yòu知zhī其qí所suǒ在zài。明míng主zhǔ因yīn天tiān下xià之zhī爵jué,以yǐ尊zūn天tiān下xià之zhī士shì,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi‘至zhì礼lǐ不bù让ràng而ér天tiān下xià治zhì’。因yīn天tiān下xià之zhī禄lù,以yǐ富fù天tiān下xià之zhī士shì,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi‘至zhì赏shǎng不bù费fèi而ér天tiān下xià之zhī士shì说shuō’。天tiān下xià之zhī士shì说shuō,则zé天tiān下xià之zhī明míng誉yù兴xīng。故gù曰yuē:所suǒ谓wèi天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì仁rén者zhě,能néng合hé天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì亲qīn者zhě也yě。所suǒ谓wèi天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì知zhī者zhě,能néng用yòng天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì和hé者zhě也yě。所suǒ谓wèi天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì明míng者zhě,能néng选xuǎn天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì良liáng者zhě也yě。此cǐ三sān者zhě咸xián通tōng,然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ征zhēng。是shì故gù仁rén者zhě莫mò大dà于yú爱ài人rén,知zhī者zhě莫mò大dà于yú知zhī贤xián,政zhèng者zhě莫mò大dà于yú官guān贤xián,有yǒu土tǔ之zhī君jūn修xiū此cǐ三sān者zhě,则zé四sì海hǎi之zhī内nèi拱gǒng而ér俟qí,然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ征zhēng。明míng主zhǔ之zhī所suǒ征zhēng,必bì道dào之zhī所suǒ废fèi者zhě也yě。彼bǐ废fèi道dào而ér不bù行xíng,然rán后hòu诛zhū其qí君jūn,致zhì其qí征zhēng,吊diào其qí民mín,而ér不bù夺duó其qí财cái也yě。故gù曰yuē:明míng主zhǔ之zhī征zhēng也yě,犹yóu时shí雨yǔ也yě,至zhì则zé民mín说shuō矣yǐ。是shì故gù行xíng施shī弥mí博bó,得dé亲qīn弥mí众zhòng,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi‘衽rèn席xí之zhī上shàng乎hū还hái师shī’。”

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