第dì三sān部bù分fèn 三sān国guó志zhì卷juǎn二èr十shí八bā 魏wèi书shū二èr十shí八bā（2）

东dōng吴wú大dà将jiàng诸zhū葛gě恪kè发fā兵bīng围wéi攻gōng合hé肥féi新xīn城chéng，但dàn因yīn战zhàn事shì不bù利lì，只zhǐ好hǎo退tuì兵bīng回huí去qù，邓dèng艾ài上shàng书shū对duì司sī马mǎ师shī说shuō：“孙sūn权quán去qù世shì之zhī后hòu，东dōng吴wú大dà臣chén们men对duì新xīn君jūn并bìng不bù拥yōng护hù，孙sūn氏shì的de宗zōng亲qīn大dà族zú，又yòu都dōu有yǒu部bù众zhòng党dǎng徒tú，他tā们men如rú果guǒ仗zhàng恃shì着zhe自zì己jǐ的de力lì量liàng，也yě足zú够gòu即jí位wèi称chēng帝dì的de，所suǒ以yǐ他tā们men也yě很hěn傲ào慢màn不bù逊xùn。诸zhū葛gě恪kè在zài这zhè种zhǒng情qíng况kuàng下xià，初chū掌zhǎng国guó政zhèng，内nèi心xīn中zhōng却què不bù为wéi主zhǔ上shàng多duō加jiā顾gù虑lǜ，他tā不bù想xiǎng安ān抚fǔ宗zōng亲qīn大dà臣chén，也yě不bù体tǐ恤xù百bǎi姓xìng士shì卒zú，不bù为wèi国guó家jiā打dǎ下xià稳wěn固gù的de根gēn基jī，他tā只zhǐ顾gù全quán力lì向xiàng外wài用yòng兵bīng，残cán忍rěn地dì对duì待dài百bǎi姓xìng，把bǎ全quán国guó的de精jīng锐ruì大dà军jūn牺xī牲shēng在zài攻gōng击jī坚jiān城chéng高gāo垒lěi上shàng，死sǐ伤shāng了le好hǎo几jǐ万wàn人rén，他tā带dài着zhe这zhè样yàng的de灾zāi祸huò回huí国guó去qù，这zhè就jiù是shì他tā得dé罪zuì招zhāo祸huò的de日rì子zi了le，从cóng前qián伍wǔ子zi胥xū、吴wú起qǐ、商shāng鞅yāng、乐yuè毅yì都dōu是shì被bèi当dāng时shí的de国guó君jūn所suǒ信xìn任rèn重zhòng用yòng的de，但dàn也yě都dōu是shì被bèi继jì任rèn的de国guó君jūn杀shā害hài的de，他tā们men的de下xià场chǎng尚shàng且qiě这zhè样yàng，何hé况kuàng诸zhū葛gě恪kè的de才cái干gàn并bìng不bù如rú那nà四sì位wèi贤xián者zhě呢ne！他tā既jì然rán不bù知zhī考kǎo虑lǜ大dà患huàn，那nà么me他tā的de灭miè亡wáng也yě就jiù是shì顷qǐng刻kè间jiān的de事shì了le。”果guǒ然rán，一yī回huí到dào东dōng吴wú，诸zhū葛gě恪kè就jiù被bèi定dìng罪zuì诛zhū除chú了le。邓dèng艾ài被bèi升shēng为wèi党dǎng州zhōu刺cì史shǐ，又yòu加jiā振zhèn威wēi将jiāng军jūn名míng号hào。他tā上shàng书shū说shuō：“国guó家jiā最zuì重zhòng大dà的de事shì情qíng，就jiù是shì农nóng事shì和hé战zhàn争zhēng。国guó家jiā富fù裕yù，军jūn力lì就jiù会huì强qiáng大dà，军jūn力lì强qiáng大dà，就jiù能néng战zhàn胜shèng敌dí人rén。所suǒ以yǐ农nóng事shì实shí际jì上shàng就jiù是shì军jūn事shì胜shèng利lì的de根gēn源yuán。孔kǒng子zi说shuō：‘粮liáng食shí充chōng足zú了le，再zài求qiú军jūn事shì力lì量liàng的de充chōng足zú强qiáng大dà。’可kě见jiàn孔kǒng子zi也yě主zhǔ张zhāng农nóng业yè发fā展zhǎn要yào先xiān于yú军jūn事shì的de发fā展zhǎn呀ya！凡fán是shì政zhèng府fǔ要yào提tí倡chàng的de事shì，如rú果guǒ不bù针zhēn对duì那nà事shì设shè立lì优yōu厚hòu的de奖jiǎng赏shǎng作zuò为wéi鼓gǔ励lì，民mín间jiān社shè会huì是shì不bú会huì努nǔ力lì的de。所suǒ以yǐ，如rú果guǒ我wǒ们men把bǎ考kǎo核hé绩jì效xiào的de奖jiǎng赏shǎng，发fā给gěi积jī蓄xù粮liáng食shí、富fù裕yù民mín生shēng的de人rén士shì身shēn上shàng，那nà么me社shè会huì上shàng交jiāo游yóu钻zuān营yíng的de途tú径jìng就jiù会huì被bèi封fēng死sǐ，而ér奢shē侈chǐ浮fú华huá的de根gēn源yuán也yě就jiù会huì被bèi堵dǔ塞sè住zhù了le。”

当dāng高gāo贵guì乡xiāng公gōng（曹cáo髦máo，魏wèi少shǎo帝dì）即jí帝dì位wèi（公gōng元yuán254年nián）后hòu，邓dèng艾ài爵jué位wèi被bèi晋jìn封fēng为wèi方fāng城chéng亭tíng侯hóu。当dāng毌guàn丘qiū俭jiǎn、文wén钦qīn起qǐ兵bīng叛pàn乱luàn时shí，他tā们men派pài能néng急jí行xíng之zhī人rén为wéi使shǐ臣chén传chuán送sòng书shū信xìn给gěi邓dèng艾ài，想xiǎng用yòng这zhè方fāng法fǎ使shǐ社shè会huì大dà众zhòng对duì邓dèng艾ài起qǐ疑yí，但dàn是shì邓dèng艾ài立lì刻kè斩zhǎn杀shā来lái使shǐ，又yòu日rì夜yè行xíng军jūn，抢qiǎng先xiān进jìn入rù乐lè嘉jiā城chéng（今jīn河hé南nán项xiàng城chéng县xiàn北běi九jiǔ十shí里lǐ）造zào好hǎo浮fú桥qiáo，等děng司sī马mǎ景jǐng王wáng（司sī马mǎ师shī）来lái到dào，连lián城chéng带dài桥qiáo都dōu呈chéng交jiāo司sī马mǎ师shī使shǐ用yòng。文wén钦qīn后hòu来lái在zài乐lè嘉jiā城chéng下xià被bèi打dǎ得dé大dà败bài，邓dèng艾ài一yī路lù追zhuī杀shā，直zhí到dào丘qiū头tóu（今jīn河hé南nán项xiàng城chéng县xiàn东dōng北běi）。文wén钦qīn逃táo进jìn了le东dōng吴wú，东dōng吴wú的de大dà将jiāng军jūn孙sūn峻jùn等děng人rén号hào称chēng发fā动dòng十shí万wàn大dà军jūn来lái攻gōng魏wèi国guó。当dāng他tā们men准zhǔn备bèi渡dù江jiāng北běi上shàng时shí，镇zhèn东dōng将jiāng军jūn诸zhū葛gě诞dàn指zhǐ派pài邓dèng艾ài在zài肥féi阳yáng（今jīn安ān徽huī寿shòu县xiàn淝féi水shuǐ之zhī北běi）坚jiān守shǒu。但dàn他tā以yǐ为wéi那nà儿ér和hé贼zéi兵bīng相xiāng距jù太tài远yuǎn，又yòu不bú是shì魏wèi国guó的de要yào害hài地dì方fāng，所suǒ以yǐ他tā自zì行xíng移yí驻zhù到dào附fù亭tíng（又yòu名míng黎lí浆jiāng亭tíng，在zài寿shòu县xiàn东dōng南nán）；他tā又yòu调diào派pài泰tài山shān太tài守shǒu诸zhū葛gě绪xù等děng人rén在zài黎lí浆jiāng抗kàng拒jù东dōng吴wú大dà军jūn，终zhōng于yú把bǎ东dōng吴wú军jūn队duì打dǎ退tuì。这zhè年nián中zhōng，邓dèng艾ài被bèi征zhēng为wèi长zhǎng水shuǐ校xiào尉wèi，并bìng因yīn打dǎ败bài文wén钦qīn等děng人rén有yǒu功gōng，晋jìn封fēng为wèi方fāng城chéng乡xiāng侯hóu，执zhí行xíng安ān西xī将jiāng军jūn职zhí务wù。雍yōng州zhōu刺cì史shǐ王wáng经jīng在zài狄dí道dào（今jīn甘gān肃sù兰lán州zhōu附fù近jìn）被bèi蜀shǔ汉hàn军jūn队duì包bāo围wéi，幸xìng亏kuī邓dèng艾ài出chū兵bīng，才cái得dé解jiě困kùn，蜀shǔ将jiāng姜jiāng维wéi退tuì兵bīng驻zhù守shǒu钟zhōng提tí（在zài狄dí道dào之zhī西xī，洮táo水shuǐ西xī边biān），朝cháo廷tíng正zhèng式shì指zhǐ定dìng邓dèng艾ài为wèi安ān西xī将jiāng军jūn持chí节jié兼jiān领lǐng护hù东dōng羌qiāng校xiào尉wèi。朝cháo廷tíng中zhōng议yì事shì的de人rén多duō半bàn都dōu认rèn为wéi姜jiāng维wéi这zhè时shí力lì量liàng已yǐ经jīng衰shuāi竭jié了le，不bù可kě能néng再zài出chū兵bīng攻gōng魏wèi了le，但dàn是shì邓dèng艾ài说shuō：“洮táo西xī之zhī役yì，我wǒ方fāng并bìng不bú是shì仅jǐn仅jǐn小xiǎo败bài而ér已yǐ，事shì实shí上shàng我wǒ们men的de军jūn队duì完wán全quán被bèi打dǎ垮kuǎ，将jiàng领lǐng大dà多duō牺xī牲shēng，仓cāng库kù空kōng虚xū，百bǎi姓xìng流liú亡wáng，整zhěng个gè地dì区qū几jī乎hū就jiù要yào失shī守shǒu。如rú果guǒ用yòng筹chóu策cè来lái算suàn双shuāng方fāng的de优yōu劣liè，一yī共gòng可kě以yǐ得dé到dào五wǔ项xiàng比bǐ较jiào。第dì一yī，对duì方fāng有yǒu大dà胜shèng的de气qì势shì可kě乘chéng，我wǒ方fāng却què是shì空kōng虚xū而ér又yòu衰shuāi弱ruò。第dì二èr，对duì方fāng的de将jiàng领lǐng和hé士shì兵bīng彼bǐ此cǐ都dōu非fēi常cháng了liǎo解jiě和hé信xìn赖lài，各gè种zhǒng军jūn器qì也yě都dōu精jīng良liáng锋fēng利lì；我wǒ方fāng却què是shì新xīn将jiāng新xīn兵bīng，各gè种zhǒng兵bīng器qì也yě没méi有yǒu修xiū复fù。第dì三sān，对duì方fāng是shì乘chéng船chuán行xíng动dòng，我wǒ方fāng却què要yào奔bēn行xíng陆lù上shàng，双shuāng方fāng的de劳láo逸yì差chā别bié太tài远yuǎn。第dì四sì，我wǒ方fāng要yào坚jiān守shǒu的de地dì方fāng有yǒu狄dí道dào、陇lǒng西xī、南nán安ān、祁qí山shān四sì处chù，兵bīng力lì分fēn散sàn；对duì方fāng却què可kě集jí中zhōng兵bīng力lì专zhuān攻gōng一yì点diǎn。第dì五wǔ，对duì方fāng若ruò由yóu陇lǒng西xī、南nán安ān进jìn攻gōng，就jiù要yào利lì用yòng羌qiāng人rén的de粮liáng食shí供gōng应yìng军jūn粮liáng，如rú果guǒ趋qū向xiàng祁qí山shān，则zé有yǒu千qiān顷qǐng以yǐ上shàng成chéng熟shú的de麦mài子zi可kě供gōng食shí用yòng了le。有yǒu以yǐ上shàng五wǔ点diǎn优yōu劣liè比bǐ较jiào，加jiā以yǐ贼zéi人rén狡jiǎo计jì又yòu多duō，他tā们men一yí定dìng会huì再zài来lái攻gōng击jī的de。”过guò不bù多duō久jiǔ，姜jiāng维wéi军jūn队duì果guǒ然rán向xiàng祁qí山shān行xíng动dòng，因yīn为wèi听tīng说shuō邓dèng艾ài已yǐ有yǒu准zhǔn备bèi，就jiù回huí头tóu从cóng董dǒng亭tíng（今jīn甘gān肃sù宁níng远yuǎn县xiàn西xī南nán）杀shā向xiàng南nán安ān，邓dèng艾ài据jù守shǒu在zài武wǔ城chéng山shān和hé蜀shǔ军jūn对duì抗kàng坚jiān持chí。姜jiāng维wéi和hé邓dèng艾ài争zhēng夺duó险xiǎn要yào失shī败bài，当dàng晚wǎn就jiù渡dù过guò渭wèi河hé向xiàng东dōng奔bēn行xíng，沿yán着zhe山shān地dì奔bēn向xiàng上shàng邽guī（今jīn甘gān肃sù省shěng天tiān水shuǐ县xiàn西xī南nán），邓dèng艾ài也yě急jí行xíng军jūn和hé他tā在zài段duàn谷gǔ（今jīn甘gān肃sù天tiān水shuǐ县xiàn东dōng南nán）激jī战zhàn，大dà破pò蜀shǔ军jūn。魏wèi少shǎo帝dì（高gāo贵guì乡xiāng公gōng）甘gān露lù元yuán年nián（公gōng元yuán256年nián）朝cháo廷tíng下xià诏zhào说shuō：“逆nì贼zéi姜jiāng维wéi每měi年nián入rù寇kòu，汉hàn民mín夷yí人rén都dōu骚sāo动dòng不bù安ān，西xī部bù国guó境jìng总zǒng不bù安ān宁níng，幸xìng亏kuī邓dèng艾ài筹chóu划huà适shì当dàng，加jiā上shàng他tā又yòu忠zhōng心xīn勇yǒng敢gǎn，奋fèn力lì抵dǐ抗kàng，斩zhǎn杀shā了le对duì方fāng十shí多duō名míng将jiàng领lǐng，消xiāo灭miè了le对duì方fāng好hǎo几jǐ千qiān人rén的dī士shì兵bīng，使shǐ我wǒ国guó声shēng威wēi震zhèn撼hàn了le巴bā蜀shǔ地dì方fāng，长cháng江jiāng、岷mín江jiāng流liú城chéng都dōu畏wèi惧jù我wǒ国guó的de武wǔ力lì。所suǒ以yǐ朕zhèn要yào嘉jiā奖jiǎng邓dèng艾ài，任rèn命mìng他tā为wèi镇zhèn西xī将jiāng军jūn，要yào他tā担dān任rèn陇lǒng右yòu各gè地dì军jūn队duì的de总zǒng指zhǐ挥huī，并bìng进jìn封fēng他tā为wèi邓dèng侯hóu。再zài分fēn封fēng五wǔ百bǎi户hù给gěi他tā的de儿ér子zi邓dèng忠zhōng，封fēng为wèi亭tíng侯hóu。”甘gān露lù二èr年nián，邓dèng艾ài在zài长cháng城chéng抗kàng拒jù姜jiāng维wéi，使shǐ他tā退tuì兵bīng回huí蜀shǔ，朝cháo廷tíng升shēng任rèn邓dèng艾ài为wèi征zhēng西xī将jiāng军jūn，又yòu加jiā他tā封fēng邑yì，使shǐ他tā共gòng得dé六liù千qiān六liù百bǎi户hù之zhī多duō。魏wèi元yuán帝dì（陈chén留liú王wáng）景jǐng元yuán三sān年nián（公gōng元yuán262年nián），邓dèng艾ài又yòu在zài侯hóu和hé（今jīn甘gān肃sù省shěng洮táo川chuān厅tīng南nán）把bǎ姜jiāng维wéi打dǎ败bài，姜jiāng维wéi只zhǐ好hǎo退tuì守shǒu沓dá中zhōng（今jīn甘gān肃sù省shěng临lín潭tán县xiàn西xī）。魏wèi元yuán帝dì景jǐng元yuán四sì年nián的de秋qiū天tiān，元yuán帝dì下xià令lìng各gè军jūn征zhēng讨tǎo蜀shǔ汉hàn，大dà将jiāng军jūn司sī马mǎ文wén王wáng（司sī马mǎ昭zhāo）也yě奉fèng令lìng指zhǐ挥huī大dà军jūn，主zhǔ持chí大dà计jì。他tā派pài邓dèng艾ài紧jǐn紧jǐn追zhuī逼bī姜jiāng维wéi；又yòu要yào雍yōng州zhōu刺cì史shǐ诸zhū葛gě绪xù紧jǐn缠chán住zhù姜jiāng维wéi，使shǐ他tā无wú法fǎ回huí到dào蜀shǔ地dì。邓dèng艾ài调diào派pài天tiān水shuǐ太tài守shǒu王wáng颀qí等děng人rén正zhèng面miàn进jìn攻gōng姜jiāng维wéi军jūn营yíng，再zài派pài陇lǒng西xī太tài守shǒu牵qiān弘hóng等děng在zài蜀shǔ军jūn阵zhèn前qián骚sāo扰rǎo，派pài金jīn城chéng太tài守shǒu杨yáng欣xīn等děng人rén开kāi往wǎng甘gān松sōng（今jīn四sì川chuān松sōng潘pān西xī北běi三sān百bǎi里lǐ）。姜jiāng维wéi听tīng说shuō魏wèi将jiāng钟zhōng会huì等děng人rén已yǐ进jìn入rù汉hàn中zhōng，拼pīn命mìng摆bǎi脱tuō了le王wáng颀qí等děng人rén，领lǐng兵bīng退tuì回huí蜀shǔ地dì去qù。但dàn是shì杨yáng欣xīn等děng人rén由yóu甘gān松sōng暗àn中zhōng紧jǐn追zhuī，在zài彊jiàng川chuān口kǒu（今jīn甘gān肃sù临lín潭tán县xiàn西xī）赶gǎn上shàng了le蜀shǔ军jūn，姜jiāng维wéi大dà败bài逃táo走zǒu。他tā听tīng说shuō雍yōng州zhōu道dào路lù已yǐ被bèi堵dǔ塞sè，魏wèi军jūn诸zhū葛gě绪xù驻zhù守shǒu在zài桥qiáo头tóu（今jīn甘gān肃sù文wén县xiàn东dōng南nán一yī里lǐ）地dì方fāng等děng他tā，他tā只zhǐ好hǎo由yóu孔kǒng函hán谷gǔ（今jīn甘gān肃sù省shěng文wén县xiàn西xī北běi）进jìn入rù北běi道dào，想xiǎng绕rào道dào由yóu雍yōng州zhōu的de后hòu方fāng回huí国guó。诸zhū葛gě绪xù探tàn听tīng到dào姜jiāng维wéi的de计jì划huà，就jiù退tuì兵bīng三sān十shí里lǐ，姜jiāng维wéi进jìn入rù北běi道dào三sān十shí多duō里lǐ以yǐ后hòu，听tīng说shuō诸zhū葛gě绪xù的de军jūn队duì已yǐ退tuì，就jiù又yòu回huí军jūn，仍réng由yóu桥qiáo头tóu通tōng过guò，诸zhū葛gě绪xù赶gǎn紧jǐn回huí头tóu截jié击jī，却què差chà了le一yī天tiān没méi赶gǎn上shàng。姜jiāng维wéi于yú是shì向xiàng东dōng急jí行xíng，终zhōng于yú赶gǎn回huí剑jiàn阁gé，防fáng守shǒu魏wèi军jūn。钟zhōng会huì攻gōng不bù下xià姜jiāng维wéi，邓dèng艾ài上shàng言yán说shuō：“如rú今jīn对duì方fāng已yǐ遭zāo受shòu重zhòng大dà摧cuī折zhé，我wǒ军jūn应yīng该gāi及jí时shí进jìn攻gōng，压yā迫pò对duì方fāng，由yóu阴yīn平píng（今jīn甘gān肃sù文wén县xiàn）有yǒu险xiǎn路lù，经jīng过guò汉hàn德dé阳yáng亭tíng（今jīn四sì川chuān县xiàn阳yáng县xiàn北běi）直zhí向xiàng涪fú地dì（今jīn四sì川chuān绵mián阳yáng县xiàn治zhì），那nà儿ér离lí开kāi剑jiàn阁gé西xī边biān百bǎi里lǐ以yǐ上shàng，和hé成chéng都dū只zhǐ差chà三sān百bǎi多duō里lǐ路lù程chéng。我wǒ们men用yòng奇qí兵bīng直zhí冲chōng进jìn入rù对duì方fāng的de腹fù心xīn要yào害hài，剑jiàn阁gé守shǒu兵bīng必bì定dìng要yào回huí去qù救jiù涪fú，那nà时shí钟zhōng会huì就jiù可kě以yǐ放fàng心xīn地dì并bìng排pái着zhe车chē马mǎ通tōng过guò剑jiàn阁gé了le。剑jiàn阁gé的de蜀shǔ军jūn没méi赶gǎn到dào涪fú地dì以yǐ前qián，那nà儿ér的de守shǒu兵bīng一yí定dìng很hěn少shǎo，军jūn法fǎ中zhōng曾céng说shuō：‘攻gōng击jī敌dí人rén没méi有yǒu防fáng备bèi的de地dì方fāng，是shì出chū乎hū敌dí人rén意yì料liào之zhī外wài的de。’如rú今jīn我wǒ军jūn能néng突tū击jī到dào对duì方fāng虚xū弱ruò的de地dì方fāng，一yí定dìng就jiù能néng消xiāo灭miè敌dí人rén了le。”